cooper canyon falls. It starts at 5600 ft. cooper canyon falls

 
It starts at 5600 ftcooper canyon falls Cooper Canyon Trail Camp is a wide area that is well maintained and has great amenities for camping

Cooper Canyon Falls is also known to have one of the best natural preserves in the Angeles National Forest premises, making it an excellent spot for horseback riding and wildlife watching. Parks_Topic Contact_Copper Falls. Left Fork: Travels through Cooper Canyon to Cooper Campground (1. The park offers camping, hiking, bicycling, picnicking, fishing and swimming opportunities in Loon Lake. Hike Info. Copper Canyon Harley-Davidson® is an authorized Harley-Davidson® motorcycles dealership in Butte, MT conveniently located near Helena, Bozeman, Missoula, and Idaho Falls, ID. Come join us on a day hike on the Cooper Canyon Falls trail. July 8th, 2015. 5 miles) down to Cooper Canyon Trail Camp. Stien er åpen hele året og vakker å besøke når. in the high desert chaparral in the Little Rock Creek recreation area, dropping 1600 feet in a little more than 7 miles! Most of the rapids were runnable, many were outrageous, and several were remarkable. 5 miElevation gain 3,838 ftRoute type Loop. Unfortunately, earning that sighting required a considerable amount of risk to life and limb, which was the main reason why it had been elusive all these years. Description. Great Falls. Private party contact. Cooper Canyon Falls!! #california #waterfall #angelesnationalforest #hiking #outdoors #. Views were quite nice throughout the trail seeing it in winter conditions. from. Cooper Canyon Falls is a 25-foot waterfall tucked away in the upper canyons of the San Gabriel Mountains. Explore the most popular trails in my list Angeles with hand-curated trail maps and driving directions as well as detailed reviews and photos from hikers, campers and nature lovers like you. Dogs are welcome and may be off-leash. Immediately past this junction towards the Devil's Punchbowl is Cooper Canyon Falls. Copper Canyon, known as Barrancas del Cobre in Spanish, sprawls across an area of approximately 25,000 square miles (65,000 square kilometers. The Burkhart Trail does connect with the Pacific Crest Trail…Meatloaf. Length 4. Along the way, you’ll bathe in the classic Angeles “treesome” of Jeffrey pines, Douglas fir. flickr/Jessica Watkins. Copper Canyon Grill has delicious wine, Moscow mule or martinis among its drinks. Erkunde die beliebtesten Routen in meiner Liste 'Hikes' und lasse dich von detaillierten Beschreibungen, Bewertungen und Bildern inspirieren. Address. Generally considered a challenging route, it takes an average of 7 h 4 min to complete. 75 miles up a dirt fire road to Angeles Crest Highway at Cloudburst Summit. The upscale décor provides a warm and inviting space for hosting your event and the professional staff is dedicated and available to meet all your needs. The railroad runs nearby. Just a half mile up the stream from Millard Canyon Falls, these impressive multi-tier, 70-foot waterfalls are easily seen (in fact, hard to miss) from a distance from. The Lodge At Creel Hotel & Spa. At a Glance. The trail includes a side trip to Cooper Canyon Campground, a. The place is Cooper Canyon Falls, deep in the San Gabriels, reachable via a 3-mile (round-trip) out-and-back hike on the Burkhart Trail from Buckhorn Campground. Arareco Lake. Lauren W. Generally considered a challenging route, it takes an average of 7 h 44 min to complete. If so, park at the bottom of Big Tujunga Canyon Road and walk 0. Day-trip to the Cusárare Falls, Piedra Volada and Basaseachic Falls. The zip-line in Divisadero is 2. Generally considered a moderately challenging route, it takes an average of 2 h 42 min to complete. Since this is an upside down hike, you should plan to spend a little more time on the return than the way out. Showing results 1 - 90 of 2284. Cooper Canyon Falls. Cooper Canyon Falls Trail is a 6. No permit is required to hike to the summit of Mount Waterman, so get out and enjoy!Distance: 2. S. For Highway 2 road conditions, visit: Caltrans Road Information:Cooper Canyon Falls Trail. The name derives from the dark color of the volcanic rock in the area. 36096, -117. 3-single SST toilets, 2-double SST toilets, 2-double vault toilets. Description. 0. 21ºF 103ºF. mail address is:. Explore the most popular trails in my list Credit Card Hike with hand-curated trail maps and driving directions as well as detailed reviews and photos from hikers, campers and nature lovers like you. A beautiful waterfall that flows almost year round, but roars in April-May as the spring snow melts. Enjoy this 7. ig4len via Instagram | Cooper Canyon Falls Waterfalls have a kind of magic about them. 129. The Waterfall Trail (Purple loop) is a 1-mile loop, multi-use winter trail. San Ignacio Arareko. Come join us on a day hike on the Cooper Canyon Falls trail. This hike is 5. Length: 4. Obwohl sich der Weg bestens zum Wandern und Spazieren eignet und oftmals gut besucht ist, kannst du hier zur richtigen Tageszeit ein bisschen Ruhe. In the early 1860s and before, exploratory mining for copper ore occurred in the canyon of the Bad River between Copper Falls and Brownstone Falls. Cooper Canyon Falls. 7 reviews of Lewis Falls "The trailhead is unmarked and there is no cellular service in the area so I recommend taking a screenshot of the directions before you go. Check out this 7. Explore the most popular trails in my list Need to Do with hand-curated trail maps and driving directions as well as detailed reviews and photos from hikers, campers and nature lovers like you. The asking price for The Driftwood Plan is $405,000. Map It. Winston Peak is a loop trail that is moderately difficult located near Mount Wilson, California. The park entrance will be on your left. 75 miles on the Burkhart trail past Cooper Canyon Falls to the confluence with Little Rock Creek. Length 2. The trail includes a side trip to Cooper Canyon Campground, a wilderness campsite on the Pacific Crest Trail. Access from Hwy 2 through Buckhorn Campground is closed. The hike even covers a section of the famous Pacific Crest Trail. So, I turned my truck around and after thirty-seven seconds of "What should I do with…Erkunde die beliebtesten Routen in meiner Liste '90042' und lasse dich von detaillierten Beschreibungen, Bewertungen und Bildern inspirieren. This is a very popular area for backpacking, camping, and hiking, so you'll likely encounter other people while exploring. The Copper Canyon of the Chemainus is a fun, moderately difficult whitewater run flowing off the southeastern side of Vancouver Island. C’est un itinéraire populaire pour la randonnée et la balade, mais vous pourrez quand même profiter de certains moments de tranquillité. Local Adventures; Tours and trips; Camping Nearby; Community. Description. We followed this road until the pavement eventually looped into a little cul-de-sac with a picnic area,. La ruta está. 1 - 12. SOURCE National Partners in Healthcare. 3-mile out-and-back trail near Palmdale, California. The first mile is a climb up some switch backs then it gets fun. The park covers an area of 14,340 acres (5,803 ha) and is seated in the center of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range. GAF Timberline Natural Shadow Shakewood. 6 (58) San Gabriel Wilderness. 6-mile hike that begins in the scenic Buckhorn Campground, the main drawback of this hike may be the relatively short season where the falls have a roaring flow from winter snowmelt. For Highway 2 road conditions, visit: Caltrans Road Information:Cowlitz Falls is the third dam on the Cowlitz River above Tacoma Public Utilities two Cowlitz River Projects that form Mayfield Lake and Riffe Lake. Go about 1. A. Many come to Buckhorn solely to follow the Burkhart Trail east in search of Cooper Canyon Falls, a remarkable 25-foot cascade into a placid swimming pool. Explorer les randonnées les plus populaires dans ma liste PCT avec des cartes de sentiers et des indications routières préparées à la main ainsi que des avis détaillés et des photos de randonneurs, de campeurs et d'amoureux de la nature comme vous. Time 1. There are significant amounts of. The most visually stimulating and rewarding hikes in the state can be found in California. It has the highest falls in the country; Piedra Volada stands at more than 1,476ft (450m) tall. Explore the most popular trails in my list To do with hand-curated trail maps and driving directions as well as detailed reviews and photos from hikers, campers and nature lovers like you. Explorer les randonnées les plus populaires dans ma liste Trekked avec des cartes de sentiers et des indications routières préparées à la main ainsi que des avis détaillés et des photos de randonneurs, de campeurs et d'amoureux de la nature comme vous. com. 90. Along with a large selection of. Hours: 11:30AM - 9PM. Please contact the manager, Stephen Cunningham, at 301-322-8600 to learn more about your experience. This recreation site is managed by concessionaire, Mountain High Resort. Helpful 1. Grades 9-12. The hike even covers a section of the famous Pacific Crest Trail. There is a creek crossing that is usually dry. 3-mile out-and-back trail near Pearblossom, California. This thread is archived. Den anses generellt vara en medelsvår led och tar i genomsnitt 4 t 0 min att gå. Not to mention all of the secret swimming holes located throughout the forest, like Switzer Falls/Bear Canyon Trail, Buckhorn Falls and Cooper Canyon Falls, Hermit Falls, and the Bridge to Nowhere. 1,302 reviews. Enjoy a full day, 10 hour guided tour to Basaseachi Falls, the highest waterfall in Mexico. APN 1221710020002. Went to check out the waterfall at Cooper Canyon over the weekend with some friends. Trailhead coordinates: 34. Easy • 4. Length 5. Burkhart Trail. Please contact them for any updates, concerns, or questions at: (888) 754-7878 or campgrounds@mthigh. Length: 4. *Trip Includes: ** Transportation * Experienced trip leaders*Not Included:** LunchDeparture. The hike is a popular hike in the Angeles National Forest and travels through pine and cedar forests and along a creek. Go 1. The trail is for horseback-riding ad hiking only. About. Public High School. 9K views. Rating: Moderate. 4 beds, 2. Explorer les randonnées les plus populaires dans ma liste cooper canyon falls avec des cartes de sentiers et des indications routières préparées à la main ainsi que des avis détaillés et des photos de randonneurs, de campeurs et. Not to mention all of the secret swimming holes located throughout the forest, like Switzer Falls/Bear Canyon Trail, Buckhorn Falls and Cooper Canyon Falls, Hermit Falls, and the Bridge to Nowhere. 13. 9 in. 8 miElevation gain 3,359 ftRoute type Out & back. Zania Patterson, Other at Copper Canyon Grill, responded to this review Responded April 12, 2023 I'm so sorry we disappointed you. Buckhorn Campground has much to offer. ash falls, and mudflow breccias deposited approximately. Copper Canyon is composed of six, interconnected canyons that, when combined, are significantly larger than the Grand Canyon, and in some areas deeper as well. 10 reviews 9 photos. Waterplay: Access to Buckhorn Creek, Buckhorn Falls, and Cooper Canyon Falls. Menu Order Online Reserve. TERRAIN: Pine and cedar forest. 75 miles) or the Pacific Crest Trail (2. The route to the trailhead requires a bit more driving on the Angeles Crest. Along the way you'll experience great views comparable to the Sierras. 9 mile trail. Chris Pudlo from @califukinroadtrippin gives you a hiking guide to find Cooper Canyon Falls in the Angeles National Forest. Recreation. Burkhart Trail to Cooper Canyon Falls is an out-and-back trail that takes you by a waterfall located near Mount Wilson, California. Take State Highway 13 to the north side of Mellen and turn (northeast) on State Highway 169. 1-mile out-and-back trail near San Marcos, California. Plenty of trees and shade. The one exception is Cusarare Falls which while no walk in the park, is quite accessible for most people in. Cooper Canyon Falls is an out-and-back trail to a pristine, seasonal waterfall with swimming holes. Come home to our Glendale apartments, and experience the first-hand comfort built just for you. Phone 602 548. 66 miles out and back TIME: 2 hrs hike time + time at waterfall DATE I WENT: 3/20/22 DIFFICULTY: easy ELEVATION: 2,478 ft / 755. Try this 3. Set beside the Pacific Crest Trail at the end of a 1. 5 (99) San Gabriel Wilderness. 2,423 Students. 5 194 reviews Write review Sort by:Description Cooper Canyon Falls is a beautiful, year-round, multi-tier sylvan waterfall. The hike is relatively easy and the landscape transcends you into a new world. This beautiful 6. Denne stien er vanligvis betraktet som en moderat utfordrende rute og tar i gjennomsnitt 4 t 0 min å fullføre. 5 mi beyond that. The real gold of Trail Canyon is the scenery: rugged and steep canyon walls containing a babbling creek and a beautiful. 3 (52) Devils Punchbowl Natural Area. The one exception is Cusarare Falls which while no walk in the park, is quite accessible for most people in decent shape and it's definitely worth getting to. The accident happened at 4 p. 421. Fish Canyon Falls. Then connects with Burkhart Trail. Millard Canyon. Not much is known of this activity other than the shafts shown on early maps, but it is assumed that this search for copper was due to the North's armament needs during the Civil War. 5 baths, 3107 sq. Right Fork: Travels down through Cooper Canyon, past Cooper Falls, to Littlerock Creek and another junction (0. Waterman and you don't need an Adventure Pass. A guide to hiking Cooper Canyon Falls, a 3-mile out-and-back trail in Angeles National Forest that leads to a beautiful waterfall and swimming hole. 0:32. At the turn of the 20th century, miners worked the creek, but the trail didn’t lead to any riches. 68º F. This hike is stunning the whole way down from start to bottom. This is a popular trail for hiking, but you can still enjoy some solitude during quieter times of day. Print/PDF map. Length 13. Hali Davis/AllTrails. The state park was created in 1929 and amenities. The trail is moderately challenging and requires some scrambling over rocks and streams. Burkhart Trail to Cooper Canyon Falls 4. Travel through unknown Mexico covering over 500 kilometers on steep canyon roads, and watch the amazing scenery unfold before you as you visit the amazing. El Chepe ( Ferrocarril Barrancas del Cobre) is the most popular way to get around Copper Canyon. Length 13. Etiwanda Falls Trailhead 4. Overview of Site: Elevation: 6300-Foot Elevation. The large gorge that the falls feed into is quite amazing and gives it a very “boxy” feeling. The park is located between Divisadero and Posada Barrancas. Length 9. The Basaseachic Falls, locally known as Cascada de Basaseachic) reaches a height of 853 feet (246 m) making. 9-mile out-and-back trail near Altadena, California. 3-mile out-and-back trail near Palmdale, California. ‍. The main drop of Switzer Falls and the canyon context from the dead-end of the box canyon at its base. 5 hour drive from Downtown but worth it - Cooper Canyon Falls. You will have the opportunity to ride incredible zip lines and cable car that cross the cayon from one side to the other. Please contact the manager, Stephen Cunningham, at 301-322-8600 to learn more about your experience. $20. Explore the most popular trails in my list Angeles with hand-curated trail maps and driving directions as well as detailed reviews and photos from hikers, campers and nature lovers like you. 25 miles (out & back) TIME: 15-20 mins one-way DATE I WENT: 8/15/20 DIFFICULTY: easy ELEVATION: 3,653 ft ELEVATION GAIN/ LOSS. Map. The park's U. Utforsk denne 7,3-miles lange frem og tilbake-stien i nærheten av Palmdale, California. Angeles National Forest . 3 miElevation gain 547 ftRoute type Loop. Rating: Moderate. This is an ongoing closure which limits access to approximately 1,000 acres in the area north of the Angeles Crest Highway (SR 2) in the vicinity of Cooper Canyon and has been in place since December 2005. 1523. Amenities: 2. You can take this back to return to the parking lot for an out-and-back, or you can go around and take the Burkhart Trail to. This popular trail can get crowded on the weekends, but is still worth a visit – especially in the spring when wildflowers take over the lower portions of the canyon floor. Photos (775) Directions. 36111, -117. 4 - 826 votes. Cooper Canyon Falls is a small yet scenic waterfall nestled in a verdant ravine just off of the Burkart Trail in a fairly secluded area of the Angeles National Forest. 3-mile round trip hike ventures into a rustic canyon to a double waterfall. Road was closed today 1/1/23 due to some mud slide and icy road. The company's principal. Copper Falls Details. 8/5 [Easy-Moderate] Conclusion. Copper Falls State Park is a 3,068-acre (1,242 ha) state park in Wisconsin. Written September 21, 2020. 10 Hours. 17023 N Black Canyon Hwy 1. Rate your experience! $$ • American. Nearby was the happening town of Pasadena, which would typically be our hangout after hiking here Looking back towards the Los Angeles Basin from the Angeles Crest Highway 2 en route to Cooper Canyon Falls Cooper Canyon Falls may be the more popular waterfall in this part of the Angeles. Cooper Canyon Falls This 3-mile hike leaves from Buckhorn Campground and visits a short waterfall in an enchanting glen of tall pines. 1. Please contact them for any updates, concerns, or questions at: (888) 754-7878 or campgrounds@mthigh. 7/5 [Moderate-Challenging] 8. Copper Canyon has some great waterfalls including 870 foot Basaseachi, but most involve a fairly serious hike to get to them. Come join us on a day hike on the Cooper Canyon Falls trail. A pleasant 2. Hotel La Estacion. Current Conditions: TEMPORARILY CLOSED due to Highway 2 road damage being worked on by Caltrans. Photo: Scott Ingram Boasting the title of most photographed waterfall in Colorado, North Clear Creek Falls is an incredibly beautiful waterfall that anyone can see. Try this 13. The 812 foot (247 meter) Basaseachic Falls (sometimes spelled Basaseachi) is the second highest waterfall in Mexico and/or the highest year-round waterfall in Mexico (depending on who you ask) and the 28th highest in the world. 2-mile loop trail. Explora los senderos más populares de mi lista Angeles Crest con mapas de rutas cuidadosamente seleccionadas, instrucciones para llegar así como reseñas detalladas y fotos de excursionistas, campistas y amantes de la naturaleza como tú. The railroad runs nearby. Cooper Canyon Falls and Buckhorn Falls - May 1, 2016. The 55 unit campground offers nicely spaced wooded sites - including 13 with electric service, showers, and both flush and vault toilets. Cooper Canyon Falls is a 40-50ft waterfall that's close to the LA Basin as the crow flies but not such a close drive and hike deep in the Angeles Forest. 9. Elevation Gain: 290-ft. See all available apartments for rent at Copper Falls in Glendale, AZ. In a recently released proposal, studio Tall Arquitectos depict Biré Bitori, a luxury restaurant and cocktail bar overlooking Copper Canyon in. Cooper Canyon Falls is a relaxing summer waterfall in the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument, accessible by a three-mile round trip trek from Buckhorn Campground. Discover. Over a steep hill and into the woods of San Elijo lays the remains of an old dam, some blasted mine shafts and a couple waterfalls. Length 15. Cooper Canyon Falls . Serving good fillet steaks, pork ribs and egg rolls is the feature of this restaurant. Burkhart Trail to Cooper Canyon Falls 4. TERRAIN: Pine and cedar forest. Print/PDF map. On either side of the swift-flowing water, the walls of the. The road leading to the trailhead can be difficult for 2WD vehicles. Zania Patterson, Other at Copper Canyon Grill, responded to this review Responded April 12, 2023 I'm so sorry we disappointed you. For Highway 2 road conditions, visit: Caltrans Road Information:The Copper Canyon of the Chemainus is a fun, moderately difficult whitewater run flowing off the southeastern side of Vancouver Island. The upper tier is 150 feet tall and stunning after a rainstorm. in a lush pine and cedar forest near Cooper Canyon Falls, and ends at 4000 ft. A little further away from the city, Cooper Canyon Falls is nestled in the San Gabriel mountains. There are also two picnic areas along the river above Pyramid Lake that allow swimming: Emigrant Landing and Vacquero Boating and Picnic Sites. There are also two picnic areas along the river above Pyramid Lake that allow swimming: Emigrant Landing and Vacquero Boating and Picnic Sites. Seasonal stream water (treat before using). The train runs 418mi (673km) from Chihuahua to Los Mochis, making many stops along the way. 2 mile loop is challenging but rewards hikers with lush pine and cedar forests, as well as two waterfalls. 9-mile loop trail near Camp Verde, Arizona. Rubio Canyon Trail. Canyon Falls is a beautiful waterfall located in Michigan's Copper Country. The hike is best done in late spring (April or May) after the snow has melted, as the falls will be much more impressive and you may see a nice variety of wildflowers. 0 in 27 in. Get to know this 4. Copper Falls Details. This trail approaches Mount Williamson and Pleasant View Ridge from a parking area before the Hwy 2 tunnels. After approximately 25 miles, you'll cross the Moyie River and turn right at Border Lane onto Road #2517. Explorer les randonnées les plus populaires dans ma liste Angeles Nat Forest avec des cartes de sentiers et des indications routières préparées à la main ainsi que des avis détaillés et des photos de randonneurs, de campeurs et. 24. Find peace and quiet, clean water, and fresh air just outside the city on a 3. Lago de Arareco. The Coopers Cave is not a real cave, but a spot at the bottom of a dam for the hydroelectric plant. HIKE TO: Trail Canyon Falls TRAILHEAD: Trail Canyon Falls but you will park off Big Tujunga Canyon Road ROUTE: North Trail Canyon Road > Trail Canyon Trail MILES: 4. Trail Highlights: See Trail Intro. Directions: Get to the Angeles Crest Highway in La Canada. 1-mile out-and-back trail near Mount Wilson, California. Moderate • 4. It is one of the best swimming holes in Southern California. Log buildings built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s add to the park's charm. Only 3-4 sites with fire rings and picnic tables. 300, and 340 roads closed due to fire danger; Access to Copper Canyon Creek Take-Out Site is closed . The entire Copper Canyon region comprises 25,000 sq mi, almost a third of the state of Chihuahua, which is Mexico's largest state. Access from Hwy 2 through Buckhorn. 8 miElevation gain 1,335 ftRoute type Loop. Address: Old US Hwy 41, L’Anse, MI 49946. Kick up your heels and tip your hat in this authentic country western town, a cowboy-ready hangout with picnic tables, campfire pits, and grill stations. The hike to the bottom of the falls is composed of cement steps, so more of a challenge on the way up. It is a very easy trail which also makes it a very popular trail despite how far it is, so if you are looking to hike away from the crowds, avoid coming. After crossing the creek in Cooper. Ontdek de populairste routes in mijn lijst Weekend Getaway met niet alleen met de hand samengestelde wandelkaarten en routebeschrijvingen, maar ook gedetailleerde beoordelingen en foto's van wandelaars, kampeerders en natuurliefhebbers zoals jij. Dog Friendly, Hikes. The Copper Canyon Creek Take-Out Site is located on the south shore of the Cispus River about one mile above the confluence with the Cowlitz River. Serving good fillet steaks, pork ribs and egg rolls is the feature of this restaurant. Canyon Falls is a beautiful waterfall located in Michigan's Copper Country. Many different trails are available for your hiking pleasure, or sit back and just enjoy the views if you are a non-hiker. Really nice! This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. A 5. Copper Canyon Harley-Davidson® Butte MT store offers Service, H-D® Parts and Accessories, MotorClothes® clothing and Apparel. 9 miles (round trip) Elevation: 9,600-ft. The first mile is a climb up some switch backs then it gets fun. Dogs are welcome. Hundreds. 36111, -117. Located in Los Angeles county, Cooper Canyon Falls features a gorgeous hike leading to an equally gorgeous destination! This is a great option for those looking for a bit of a longer adventure, as the trail to the falls is a 6. 2 mile hike to Cooper Canyon Falls in Angeles Forest off the Angeles Crest Highway near Los Angeles. 17-March 2013: At the Day Use area where we parked (and where there were many other cars parked), we went past a bathroom and picnic tables then past a gate as the paved road curved downhill. Amenities: 38 total campsites with 3 accessible campsites. The access trail to the Cooper Canyon Falls was a short class 3 route requiring rock scrambling and has a climbing rope down. Attendance Zone. To give you some geographical context, the Buckhorn Campground was about 68 miles (over 90 minutes drive) north of downtown Los Angeles or 58 miles north of Pasadena. Chasing waterfalls can become a full-time pursuit in the Copper Canyon. Cooper Canyon Falls - March 17, 2013. This is a place for fellow hikers and backpackers in Southern California to…Cooper Canyon Falls is an intriguing 35 foot waterfall that can be reached via the Burkhart Trail in the Buckhorn Campgound. ***** Planning to explore more of California’s natural beauty? Check out some of our other articles for. This rare Southern California old growth forest, southern. The journey takes between 14 and 16 hours, covers over 400 miles, climbs 8000 feet into the Sierra Tarahumara, goes over 36 bridges and through 87 tunnels. Countries; Regions; Cities; Parks; Trails; Points of Interest; Trail Features; Maps. Ancient lava flows, deep gorges and spectacular waterfalls make Copper Falls State Park one of Wisconsin's most scenic parks. Park in the clearing to the left (north) of the highway and follow either the fire road (1. History and Naming.